Stoddart highlights that Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are essential for the safe and reliable operation of critical infrastructure, honing into the policies of the United States and United Kingdom for critical network infrastructure (CNI) because strict security measures are applied to prevent unauthorized access and potential cyber attacks. Upon explaining the nature and extent of an attack on CNI, Stoddart calls for national approaches to be concerted internationally, while recognizing the concerns and needs of civil society. Stoddart connects how historical attacks have lead to the creation of governmental groups in the US and the UK to address issues in cyberspace, and how recent efforts have been aimed to drive partnerships with the private sector. While uncertainty exists around the role of the state in cyber defense and regulation, such as with cyber crime contested as an area for state-based collaboration, Stoddart holds that the volume of attacks necessitates sufficient infrastructure and investment, coupled with public awareness, to affect ownership and action. While cybersecurity issues are not to be tackled solely by the governments of the US and the UK, the countries could create positive examples of collective protection.