This paper draws on ideas developed for a workshop convened at CGSR in September 2018 in partnership with Technology for Global Security, an NGO focused on these matters. The workshop engaged a diverse mix of public- and private-sector experts in an exploration of the emerging roles and consequences of AI. A summary of that workshop and an annotated bibliography aligned with the agenda are available at the CGSR website.4 This paper also draws on previous work at CGSR on disruptive and latent technologies and their roles in the twenty-first-century security environment.