This paper examines international cooperation in cybersecurity, distinguishing cyberspace from other domains of multinational collaboration, such as space and the Arctic. It explores two dominant frameworks for governance: the multistakeholder model, which advocates for inclusive decision-making involving businesses, individuals, and international organizations, and the sovereignty model, which emphasizes state-led policymaking. The paper discusses regulatory approaches and cooperative mechanisms within the framework of international relations regimes and multinational security initiatives. Additionally, it highlights the risks of the security dilemma, wherein excessive defensive measures could escalate into a cyber arms race. A key challenge is the ambiguity in defining cyber weapons and the dual-use nature of cyber operations. This study contributes to the discourse on global cybersecurity governance and the political dynamics shaping international cooperation.
