With the first Russian invasion of Ukraine, cyber threats have been persistent, forcing Ukraine to adopt a reactive approach to it’s cyber defense. With experience and time, they soon learned the common strategies, and have since shifted from being reactive to having to be more proactive to cyber threats. This “struggle has highlighted the imperative need for strategic planning, resource allocation, and increased public awareness to enhance cyber resilience” (Kvartsiana 2023). Russian cyber attacks often use fear efforts to put psycholgical pressure on Ukrainian civilians and government organizations, in allignment with their war efforts. The author claims cyber defence has to be a collaborative effort between the government, private sector, and public. Additionally, Kvartsiana highlights the issue in international law when it comes to cyber incidents and this collaborative strategy.
