On May 7, 2021, a ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline underscored the vulnerabilities in the United States’ critical infrastructure, leading to critical fuel shortages and
public concern. In the two years following the incident, CISA implemented significant measures to bolster national cybersecurity. These initiatives included the launch of StopRansomware.gov
for centralized threat information, the formation of the Joint Ransomware Task Force with the FBI, and the establishment of the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative to enhance public-private
sector collaboration. Efforts were also made to improve the security of operational technology networks, particularly within the energy sector, and to promote the integration of cybersecurity
considerations into organizational governance and technology design. Despite these advancements, CISA emphasizes the ongoing need for vigilance and proactive measures to address evolving cyber threats
