The author begins by explaining how the Russia-Ukraine War seemed as if it would be the first major conflict with cyber warfare. The author describes how the initial preparation for cyber attacks seemed to show that there would be a huge emphasis on the less physical part of fighting and instead would more heavily rely on the cyber side of the war. However, after initial attacks by Russia, the cyber attacks seemed to slow down dramatically. The author explains that “even if the cyber doomsday scenarios have not played out as expected – which is, after all, a positive thing – the last two years have brought into focus some important considerations” (Pytlak). This war seems to be a precursor for future conflicts that will more heavily rely on the cyber side of conflicts. The author ends by pointing out how there is a huge necessity in the area of cyber international laws. Lastly the author depicts the challenges that proxy warfare in the form of third party cyber companies and entities will have on international laws.
