Researchers Hassani, Crasta, and Pascoal demonstrate that global positional system (GPS) data can be blocked and subsequently spoofed to manipulate autonomous marine vehicles. Over 90 percent of world trade is conducted through ocean vehicles, and autonomy is seen by many experts as the future. Even with the coupling of inertial navigation, introducing a spoofed signal can still be used to gain control over the vehicle. While the authors do not introduce solutions, they highlight the continued issues of global navigation satellite system security, and call for future research. Increasing autonomy in maritime development is a matter of commercial and international interest, and resilience to cyberattacks is a critical element of future development.
