While the idea of having an international conflict that intersected with the cyber domain seemed distant twenty years ago, today cyber conflict is not considered unusual. Given the uncertainties surrounding the nature, scale, scope, and features of cyber conflicts, this paper delves into such conflicts by analyzing case studies presented in a Fierce Domain which was published by the Atlantic Council. This paper also draws on academic materials to delve into each case and add other cases to the original collection which resulted in a data set spanning 17 different cyber conflicts over nearly decades from 1985-2013. Findings include the idea that accountability is difficult in cyberspace, outcomes of each conflict were variable, and the private sector is a key player in cybersecurity.
