Advancing Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security

The 2021 report of the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Advancing Responsible State Behaviour in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security builds the multilateral discussions around international cybersecurity norms. The report reaffirms the applicability of international law, particularly the UN Charter, to cyberspace and outlines eleven voluntary, non-binding norms of responsible state behavior. It emphasizes principles such as cooperation, due diligence, non-intervention, and respect for human rights in cyberspace. The report also addresses confidence-building measures, capacity-building for developing states, and institutional dialogue to reduce the risk of cyber conflict. This document represents a key consensus among diverse member states on foundational governance norms for a peaceful, secure, and open digital environment.